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HMS ''Berwick'' was a 74-gun ''Elizabeth''-class third rate of the Royal Navy, launched at Portsmouth Dockyard on 18 April 1775, to a design by Sir Thomas Slade.〔〔 She fought the French at the Battle of Ushant (1778) and the Dutch at the Battle of Dogger Bank (1781). The French captured her in the Action of 8 March 1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars and she served with them with some success then and at the start of the Napoleonic Wars until the British recaptured her at the Battle of Trafalgar. ''Berwick'' sank shortly thereafter in a storm. ==Royal Navy service== As one of the newest ships of the line, she was commissioned in December 1777.〔 On the entry of France into the American War of Independence in 1778 ''Berwick'' joined the Channel Fleet. In July, she took part in the Battle of Ushant under the command of Captain the Hon. Keith Stewart. She served with the Channel Fleet throughout 1779. In 1780 she was sent out to the West Indies as part of a squadron under Commodore Walshingham that was sent out to reinforce the fleet under Sir George Rodney. But Walshingham's ships arrived too late for the battles of that year and she was then sent to Jamaica. The lieutenant on this trip was John Hunter who later became an admiral and the second Governor of New South Wales. While ''Berwick'' was on the Jamaica station, she received serious damage from the October 1780 West Indies hurricane, which completely dismasted her and drove her out to sea. The damage forced her to return across the Atlantic to England for repairs. After repairs, the ''Berwick'' sailed to the North Sea where Captain Stewart became commander in chief of the station. The North Sea was becoming an increasingly important convoy route because French and Spanish squadrons cruising in the Western Approaches to the Channel had made that route unsafe for British convoys. In 1781 ''Berwick'' was under the command of Captain John Ferguson. On 17 April she, with ''Belle Poule'', captured the privateer ''Callonne'', under the command of Luke Ryan. ''Calonne'' was only two years old, a fast sailer, and well equipped for a voyage of three months and a crew of 200 men. She was armed with twenty-two 9-pounder guns, six 4-pounder guns and six 12-pounder carronades. When the British Admiralty received news that the Dutch, who had joined the war at the beginning of 1781, were fitting out a squadron for service in the North Sea, it reinforced the ''Berwick'' with a squadron under Vice-Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, who had hoisted his flag in . ''Berwick'' also received two 68-pounder carronades for her poop deck. On 15 August, while escorting a convoy of 700 merchantmen from Leith to the Baltic, Parker's squadron of seven ships of the line met a Dutch squadron under Rear-Admiral Johan Zoutman, also consisting of seven ships of the line, and also encumbered with a convoy. In the ensuing Battle of Dogger Bank, ''Berwick'' suffered a total of 16 killed and 58 wounded.〔Ships of the Old Navy, ''Berwick''.〕 After the war, ''Berwick'' was paid off in 1783 and laid up in ordinary.〔 She was commissioned again on 1 January 1793 under Captain Sir John Collins.〔 At the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars he sailed her out for the Mediterranean on 22 May to join the fleet under Admiral Lord Hood. Under Hood, ''Berwick'' participated in Toulon operations late in the year.〔 Collins died in March 1794. His successors were, in short order, Captains William Shield, George Campbell, George Henry Towry, and lastly, William Smith.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Berwick (1775)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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